【齐心抗疫】别信冠状病毒和艾滋有关的阴谋论！

Cresarea

Don’t believe the conspiracy theories you hear about coronavirus and HIV
别信冠状病毒和艾滋有关的阴谋论！

Dan Samorodnitsky
丹·萨莫罗尼茨基

massivesci.com, Friday, January 31, 2020 6:30 PM
massivesci.com，2020年1月31日，周五，下午6时30分

The new coronavirus is scary, and lots of information is flying around in the pandemic. But please, don’t believe everything you read, even if it came from scientists. Before panicking about news, wait for real, actual confirmation (and peer review) from scientists outside of a Twitter scrum.
新型冠状病毒很可怕，相关消息传得满天飞。但是，拜托，别看到什么消息都信，即使是砖家发布的，也请保持理智。推特上的骇人说辞多是谣言，惊慌失措大可不必。我们应该做的，是耐心等待科学家的真实信息和他们同行的评论，不要只关注推特圈。

Case in point, today a group of scientists based in India took the genome sequences of Wuhan coronavirus, did some armchair analysis (literally, all the work they did could be done from a desk in about an hour) which they shared in a pre-print (i.e. this hasn’t gone through peer-review by other scientists yet), and found that it had similarities to the genome of...HIV.
就好比今天（1月31日），一批印度科学家分析了武汉冠状病毒的基因组序列，并把分析结果的预印版发到了网上（预印即为该论文尚未通过同行评审）。他们的分析显示，武汉冠状病毒的基因序列与艾滋病毒的颇具相似之处。不过，他们遵循的是“板凳分析法”——字面意思，他们的分析就是坐在椅子上花一小时完成的。

If you’re a soup-brained Twitter user like me, you might have seen this sensational, zombie movie-ass tweet about the pre-print by Anand Ranganathan, a molecular biologist and author with 200k+ followers:
如果你和我一样，万事上推特，你可能会看到，身为分子生物学家兼作家、拥有20万粉丝的推特主Anand Ranganathan发了这么一条轰动一时、恐怖如丧尸片的推特，里面谈及这篇预印论文。

                               
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图中文字：天啊！印度科学家在2019新型冠状病毒的基因序列中发现了与HIV病毒(艾滋病)基因序列相似的插入片段，而这还未在其它冠状病毒中发现。这就意味这次中国新冠病毒的出现可能是人为的，“并非偶然”。如果这是真的，那就太可怕了。

This prompted a blizzard of apocalyptic world building in the mentions, including a boost from prominent not-a-biologist New York Times opinion columnist Ross Douthat, who has about 160k followers:
此言论立刻激起大量世界末日论。《纽约时报》著名时评专栏作者、非生物学家的Ross Douthat也转发了此推特并发表意见（如下图）。他在推特上有约16万粉丝。

                               
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The gist of the story is this: the Wuhan coronavirus (2019-nCoV) appears to have four additions to its genome that similar viruses, like SARS and MERS, are lacking. These additions are either identical or extremely similar to parts of the HIV genome. The authors go on to speculate that this may be why the coronavirus is spreading so quickly, and also that something sinister may be afoot:

那篇“分析论文”的内容大致如下：武汉冠状病毒（2019-nCoV）基因序列中似乎有四个新增片段未在SARS病毒和MERS病毒等类似病毒中发现，而这些片段与艾滋病病毒基因序列的某些地方相同或极度相似。作者进而猜测，这或许是冠状病毒能传播如此迅速的原因，而且其中也许有阴谋正悄然酝酿。

“This uncanny similarity of novel inserts in [Wuhan coronavirus] to [HIV] is unlikely to be fortuitous.”
“武汉冠状病毒与艾滋病在基因序列的新插入片段上令人咋舌地相似。这不像是巧合。”

They don’t elaborate on what that means, but the Twitter interpretation is that someone engineered coronavirus with parts of HIV, to make it...I don’t know. Infect better? It’s unclear.
撰文的科学家没有对这一结论展开阐述。不过，推特网友脑洞大开，顾自将之理解为有人用部分HIV病毒改造了冠状病毒，使其...更具有传染性？不明白。  

I double checked whether it was true that HIV and coronavirus have similarities. I took the four additional sequences (the “novel inserts”) they found in the coronavirus genome and I looked to see if, as they said, it was similar to HIV. The truth is while these sequences do pop up in HIV,  they also pop up in tons of other viruses. There’s no reason to immediately suspect a nefarious fusion of HIV and coronavirus.
我也再三查验了HIV病毒与冠状病毒之间的相似性。我提取了印度科学家在冠状病毒序列中发现的那四个额外基因片段（即所谓的“新插入片段”），看看它们是否如那些科学家所言一般，与HIV病毒的相似。然而事实是，虽然这四个基因片段确实出现在HIV病毒中，但无数其他病毒的基因序列中也不乏它们的踪迹。所以，仅凭这些就恶意怀疑冠状病毒和HIV病毒之间有关系，完全是无中生有。

Sequence one out of four is indeed found in both Wuhan coronavirus and HIV. The same sequence also appears in a virus that infects Streptococcus (spherical bacteria), a rat virus, and an “acute bee paralysis virus.”
四个基因片段中，确实有一个同时存在于在武汉冠状病毒和HIV病毒中。但是，相同的片段也出现在链球菌（球形细菌）中，这是一种老鼠病毒，也可引起“蜜蜂急性麻痹症”。


A list of viruses that contain 100% matches of sequence one from Wuhan coronavirus, which includes the coronavirus, HIV...and also a bunch of other viruses.
图示为拥有武汉冠状病毒序列中插入片段一号的其他病毒列表，包括冠状病毒，HIV病毒，以及大量其他病毒。

I did the same analysis on sequence two. Once again, HIV and the Wuhan coronavirus appear together, but also a mouse herpes virus, a rat cytomegalovirus (the virus that causes mononucleosis, popularly known as mono or the ‘kissing disease’), and a virus that infects sweet potatoes.
我对插入片段二号也做了同样的分析。再次发现，片段二号虽然存在于HIV病毒和武汉冠状病毒中，但也同样存在于小鼠疱疹病毒（一种鼠巨细胞病毒，该病毒会引起单核细胞增多症，俗称单核病毒或“接吻病”）和一种能感染甘薯的病毒之中。


The stories for the other two sequences are the same. Those sequences appear in benign viruses like Peach-associated luteovirus (a plant virus), Bovine papillomavirus type 9 (the cow version of HPV), and Leptopilina boulardi Toti-like virus (a virus that infects wasps).
剩下两个片段的分析结果也同样如此。它们也出现在良性病毒中，如与桃子有关的黄体病毒（一种植物病毒），9型牛乳头瘤病毒（牛类HPV）和匙胸瘿蜂类Toti病毒（一种黄蜂病毒）。

So the facts are that Wuhan coronavirus may have some new additions to it, but they’re common bits and pieces found in tons of viruses — not just HIV — and there’s no proof that they even have anything to do with how the Wuhan coronavirus behaves.
所以事实上，武汉冠状病毒中存在的这些新增基因片段，在无数病毒中都留有蛛丝马迹，而不仅仅是限于HIV病毒中。而且没有证据证明它们与武汉冠状病毒基因序列的传播有任何联系。

And there’s definitely no proof that they were put there on purpose.
至于有人故意将它们插入到武汉冠状病毒基因序列中，就更是无稽之谈了。

原文地址：
https://massivesci.com/notes/wuh ... nodeficiency-virus/

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penz

脑袋是要用的，哈哈

ljs610330@sina.

看到了。谢谢。

joooo99

什么样的奇谈怪论都有，简直了......