【齐心抗疫】之在飞机上如何避免冠状病毒？

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How to Avoid Coronavirus on Flights: Forget Masks, Says Top Airline Doctor
在飞机上如何避免冠状病毒？
别戴口罩了！
顶级航空公司的医生如是说。

February 5, 2020, 11:23 PM EST

Risk of infection on plane is low, IATA medical adviser says
国际航空运输协会( International Air Transport Association)的医学顾问表示，飞机上的感染风险是很低的。

Frequent hand washing is best form of protection from virus
预防病毒感染的最好方法就是勤洗手。

China Coronavirus Death Toll Rises to 636, With 31,161 Confirmed Cases
中国新冠肺炎死亡人数已增至636人，确诊病例31161人。

Forget face masks and rubber gloves. The best way to avoid the coronavirus is frequent hand washing, according to a medical adviser to the world’s airlines.
世界航空公司的一名医学顾问说，先别管什么口罩、橡胶手套了，预防新冠病毒的最佳办法就是勤洗手。

The virus can’t survive long on seats or armrests, so physical contact with another person carries the greatest risk of infection on a flight, said David Powell, a physician and medical adviser to the International Air Transport Association. Masks and gloves do a better job of spreading bugs than stopping them, he said.
国际航空运输协会医生及医疗顾问大卫·鲍威尔（David Powell)说，新冠病毒不能在座椅和扶手上长时间存活，因此与他人进行身体接触而感染的风险最大。他还表示，佩戴口罩和手套更容易传播病毒而非阻止其传播。

As concern mounts about the scale of the outbreak, carriers from United Airlines Holdings Inc.to Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd.have scrapped thousands of flights to China.
随着对新冠肺炎爆发规模的担忧与日俱增，包括联合航空控股有限公司(United Airlines Holdings Inc.)和国泰航空有限公司（Cathay Pacific Airways Ltd.）在内的多家航空公司停飞了上千次飞往中国的航班。

Here is an edited transcript from an interview with Powell. IATA represents about 290 airlines and more than 80% of global air traffic.
以下是对鲍威尔采访的编辑版文字记录。国际航空运输协会代表了约290家航空公司和全球80%以上的空中交通。

Q: Is there a risk of becoming contaminated with the virus on a plane?
问：是否存在飞机上感染病毒的风险？

A: The risk of catching a serious viral infection on an aircraft is low. The air supply to a modern airliner is very different from a movie theater or an office building. The air is a combination of fresh air and recirculated air, about half each. The recirculated air goes through filters of the exact same type that we use in surgical operating theaters. That supplied air is guaranteed to be 99.97% (or better) free of viruses and other particles. So the risk, if there is one, does not come from the supplied air. It comes from other people.
答：在飞机上发生严重病毒感染的概率是比较低的。现代大型客机的空气环境与电影院和写字楼有很大的不同，它主要是由新鲜空气和再循环空气两者各半组成。再循环空气经过与外科手术室同类型的过滤器的过滤。机舱内可以保证99.97%（甚至更高）的空气是不含病毒和其它微粒的。所以说，如果飞机上存在感染病毒的风险，也不是来源于机舱的空气，而是来源于接触到的人。
Q: What are the chances of getting the virus by touching the seats, armrest or any of the objects on a plane?
问：有没有可能通过接触座椅、扶手或者其他飞机上的部件感染病毒？

A: Viruses and other microbes like to live on living surfaces like us. Just shaking hands with somebody will be a greater risk by far than some dry surface that has no biological material on it. The survival of viruses on surfaces isn’t great, so it’s believed that normal cleaning, and then the extra cleaning in the event that someone was discovered to be contagious, is the appropriate procedure. Will people stop getting together inside an airplane? I would respond by asking: Will I stop going to the movies, or sports games, or concerts or conferences? I don’t think so.
答：病毒和其他微生物喜欢在活体表面生存，例如人体。与他人握手的感染风险远比接触一些非生物物质的干燥表面要大。病毒在物体表面的存活能力不强，所以我们认为恰当的做法是，平时做好正常清洁，发现有人被感染了，再进行额外的清洁。人们以后不会一起坐飞机了吗？那我要反问一句：我会不去看电影，不去看体育比赛，不去听音乐会，不去参加会议吗？我觉得不会的。

Q: What’s important if you are on a plane to ensure you don’t get infected?
问：乘坐飞机要想确保自己不被感染，您认为什么是最重要的？

A: Hand hygiene -- because contrary to what people think, the hands are the way that these viruses most efficiently spread. Top of the list is frequent hand washing, hand sanitizing, or both. Avoid touching your face. If you cough or sneeze, it’s important to cover your face with a sleeve. Better yet, a tissue to be disposed of carefully, and then sanitizing the hands afterward. Washing your hands and drying them is the best procedure. When that’s not easy to do, alcohol-based sanitizer is a good second-best.
答：手部卫生——因为跟民众以为的正相反，手是最容易传播病毒的途径。首先要做的就是勤洗手，经常给手消毒，或者两样都做。不要用手摸脸。如果你要咳嗽或者打喷嚏，一定要用袖子掩住面部。更好的办法是用纸巾掩住口鼻然后将其妥善丢弃，之后对手进行消毒，洗手，烘干，这是最佳步骤。如果不具备条件的话，可以退而求其次采用含酒精的消毒剂。

[img]blob:http://treehousesub.com/95249e4d-fd5d-41c2-8089-452d6ce8833e[/img]
Airline passengers wear protective masks as they sit in the arrivals hall at the Hong Kong International Airport on Jan. 30.
Photographer: Ivan Abreu/Bloomberg
1月30日，航班乘客佩戴防护口罩坐在香港国际机场到达大厅内。
摄影师：Ivan Abreu（彭博资讯）

Q: Does wearing masks and gloves help prevent infections?
问：戴口罩和手套是否有助于避免感染呢？

A: First of all, masks. There’s very limited evidence of benefit, if any, in a casual situation. Masks are useful for those who are unwell to protect other people from them. But wearing a mask all the time will be ineffective. It will allow viruses to be transmitted around it, through it and worse still, if it becomes moist it will encourage the growth of viruses and bacteria. Gloves are probably even worse, because people put on gloves and then touch everything they would have touched with their hands. So it just becomes another way of transferring micro-organisms. And inside the gloves, your hands get hot and sweaty, which is a really good environment for microbes to grow.
答：首先，口罩的话，证明它有用的证据十分有限，就算有，也是在偶然的情况下。身体不适的人戴口罩可以有效保护他人免受感染，但一直戴着就没什么用了。这会让病毒在口罩周围和内外传播，更糟糕的是，如果口罩湿了，会促进细菌和病毒的增长。手套的情况可能更为严重。人们本来用手去摸东西，现在换成手套了，微生物也不过是换了一种媒介来传播而已。而且戴手套时手会发热流汗，简直是微生物生长的乐园。

Q: Is shutting borders the answer to containing the spread of the virus?
问：边境封锁是遏制病毒扩散的良方吗？

A: One thing that’s changed in the world is the ability for infections to travel rapidly from one location to another and it’s true that aviation is part of that. At the same time, aviation is essential to dealing with outbreaks like this. And this is why we have collaboration with the World Health Organization and IATA that’s been in place for several years. If countries just shut down during disease outbreaks, as happened in west Africa with Ebola, that can make things much worse. During that outbreak, the country struggled, WHO couldn’t get their people in, they couldn’t get biological samples out. The economic impact of being shut off made things worse. General travel bans can make things worse. It can encourage people to travel in secret, which means you lose control of it.
答：传染病在地区间迅速传播的能力今非昔比。的确，通过空运传播是其一，但同时，航空运输对于应对这种爆发性灾难也是至关重要的。正因如此，我们才与世卫组织及运营多年的国际航协建立合作。如果就像西非埃博拉爆发期间一样，各国直接就封闭起来，状况只会更糟糕。那次事件中，相关国家举步维艰，世卫组织的人进不去，生物样本也带不出来。经济停运已经让情况更糟了，全面禁止出行只会火上浇油，人们可能会选择偷渡，这也意味着，政府将失去管控能力。

Q: When can we safely say that the worst may be over?
问：什么时候我们才能放心地说最坏的情况已经过去了？

A: The number of cases have continued to increase at around about 16% to 20% each day. Until we get to the point where those numbers are declining, we couldn’t say we turned the corner.
答：病例数量还在持续增加，每天增长大约16%-20%，只有病例开始减少时，我们才敢说疫情出现了拐点。

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文章来源：https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.bloomberg.com/amp/news/articles/2020-02-06/want-to-avoid-virus-forget-face-masks-top-airline-doctor-says
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penz

别戴口罩了！