第四十九期杂志选文——《硅谷如何吸引更多女性》(下部)

小山林卡

How Silicon Valley Can Change Its Cultureto Attract More Women

硅谷如何通过改变自身文化吸引更多女性

（下半部分）

Corbett told methat she and others spent a great deal of time discussing whether even to raisethis suggestion. The notion risks playing into stereotypes about feminine andmasculine behavior and values (there are, of course, many women who, quitereasonably, care a great deal about self-advancement), and could also drawattention away from other important factors, such as gender-biased hiringpractices, that have been shown to diminish the numbers of women in tech.Corbett and her co-author, Catherine Hill, who discuss those other factorselsewhere in the report, ultimately decided to include Diekman’s research butdirectly acknowledge the tensions. They quote Diekman’s remark to them: “One ofmy fears is that this research will be interpreted as suggesting that genderdifferences in communal goals are the only thing that matters.”

克贝特告诉我说她和其他人花了很长时间讨论是否应该提出这一建议。这一想法有一定的风险，可能会将女性和男性的行为和价值变得程式化（当然，有很多女人相当关注自身的进步），而且可能也会使人们不再关注其他的重要因素，例如雇佣实践中的性别歧视，在技术行业现已显现出女性人数减少的现象了。克贝特和她合著者：凯瑟琳·黑尔，在报告中另一处讨论了这些其他因素，最后她们决定采用迪克曼的研究，并坦白承认这些紧张局面的存在。她们引用了迪克曼的评论：“我的担忧之一是这份研究将会被解读成只有提议集体目标上的性别差异是唯一要紧的事情。”

Corbettand Hill also raise another fraught possibility, which is that computer sciencesimply might not fulfill communal goals as well as other science professions:“What if the stereotype that these are solitary jobs that don’t provideopportunities for making a social contribution is mostly accurate? If that’strue, then recruiting communally oriented women and men into engineering andcomputing through marketing campaigns touting the collaborative, helpfulaspects of these fields will result in an exodus from the field later. Thereality, of course, is more important than public perception.”

克贝特和黑尔也提出了其他潜在的可能性，即电脑科技在达成公共目标上也许就是无法做得其他科学一样好。“如果说单独工作的确如同老套想法一般-的确没有对社会贡献提供足够的机会？如果这是真的，那么通过营销活动兜售这些领域可合作的、有益的方面，以招募具有公共目标导向的人们进入工程和计算机行业，这将导致日后这一领域大规模的人员流失。现实当然比公众看法要重要多了。”

Some anecdotal evidence seems to align with the more optimisticsuggestion that the field can be made more genuinely relevant to women’sprofessional goals. One chapter of the report discusses the success of HarveyMudd College, in Claremont, California, at increasing its percentage of femalecomputer-science graduates from fourteen per cent, in the Class of 2009, tothirty-eight per cent, in the Class of 2014. (The national average is eighteenper cent.) Harvey Mudd attributes its improved numbers to three major changes:reworking its introductory engineering class to focus more on the real-worldapplications and “social relevance” of engineering; providing researchopportunities to women after their freshman year “to expose them to realcomputer-science problems”; and bringing women to the Grace Hopper Celebrationof Women in Computing—a conference for women engineers and, incidentally, theevent at which Microsoft’s C.E.O. made the controversial comment about raisesfor women—where they could “see a computing culture that is different from thestereotypical culture they might expect.”

一些轶闻趣事似乎佐证了一种更乐观的意见，即这一领域可以被打造得与女性职业目标更为密切契合。报告有一章讲述了加州克莱蒙特的哈维穆德学院在提高女性计算机科学毕业生比重上的成功例子，这一比重从2009年的14%上升到2014年的38%。（全国的平均水平是18%）。哈维穆德在这些数字上的进步归功于三个主要的改变：重设工程学介绍课程以吸引更多脚踏实地的申请者，并修订工程学的“社会关联性”；并在第一学年后向女性提供研究机会“使她们接触真正的计算机科学问题”；并引导女性参加计算机界的格蕾丝·霍普女性庆典——一个面向女性工程师的会议，无独有偶，正是在这一大会上，微软的CEO发表了关于女性升职的争议性评论，认为在这里她们会“发现计算机文化与她们可能期望的那种老套文化有所差别。”

With herzine, Wibowo is taking a similar approach. “It’s really awesome to have socialissues that you care about and be able to do something about them with computerscience,” she told me. But those social issues, she said, “are not the first thingpeople talk about” when they discuss computer science. She added, “For whateverconcept is being covered in the zine, I want to talk about the range ofapplications.” She also sees value in talking about her own experiences as awoman engineer who presents in a “feminine” manner—not to suggest that allfemale engineers should wear floral dresses and speak softly, like she does,but to promote it as no less valid than turning up at work in a hoodie andjeans and using a loud voice.

凭借着她的电子杂志，威伯沃采用了类似的方式。“搜集你关心的社会问题并能用电脑技术为其做点什么的感觉真是太棒了，”她告诉我说。但是这些社会问题，她说，“并不是人们在谈论电脑技术时首先谈到的东西”。她补充道，“不管这本电子杂志涵盖了多少概念，我想探讨的是应用程序的覆盖面。”她也看到了谈论她作为一个用“女性”方式表达自己的女工程师自身经验的价值——这并不是说所有的女工程师都应该像她一样穿着印花裙，轻轻地说话，而是提倡这一方式是颠覆这一工作中女性传统的连帽衫牛仔裤大嗓门形象的最好方法。

During herAlterConf speech, Wibowo recounted a story told to her by Chou, of Pinterest,who, after going to a tech conference wearing a dress and having people assumethat she wouldn’t understand technical matters, returned the following day injeans and a T-shirt and was accepted as someone with a technical background.“If we have more women and marginalized people participating in computerscience, but the price of doing that is that they have to fit into thestereotypes of what computer scientists are, then that’s not diversity,” Wibowotold me. “So I feel like however you want to present, whether that issuper-feminine or anything else, if you show up at a conference and give anamazing talk, presenting the way that you like to present, then you’re making astatement about what computer scientists look like.”

在她AlterConf的演讲中，威伯沃讲述了在Pinterest工作的周女士告诉她的一个故事，周穿着套裙参加一个科技会议时，有人断定说她不懂技术，第二天她穿着牛仔裤和T恤去了，这时她才被认定为是一个懂技术的人。“即使我们有更多的女性和边缘人群进入到电脑科学领域中来，但这样做的代价是他们必须要适应计算机科技人员的刻板形象，这样一来多样性也就不复存在了。”威伯沃对我说。“所以我认为无论你想要怎样表达自己，不管是用特别女性化的方式还是别的什么样子，如果你出现在会场，用你自己的方式去展示，做一场优秀的演讲，你就展示了计算机科学家的风采。”

注释：

①Alterconf 一个女性和边缘群体谈论科技和游戏产业的会议

②Pinterest 全球热门社交网站，被称为“图片界的Twitter”

翻译 by Cris

校对by gabriellaz

终校 by 小郭

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翻译仅供学习交流，严禁用于商业用途