第二十三期杂志选文——《赤脚大学，点亮世界》

我是谁tashis

How to Light Up The World

赤脚大学，点亮世界

Can you imagine a college without walls, professors, or classrooms? Educator Bunker Roy can. More than 40 years ago, Roy, now 69, founded the Barefoot College, in Tilonia, India. His school recruits a unique population—rural women, often grandmothers—and teaches them the basics of solar engineering and freshwater technology. His efforts have yielded enormous benefits. When the women return to their homes, they are skilled enough to provide their communities (some of the world’s most isolated places) with electricity and clean water. They also gain something important, if less tangible: newfound self-confidence.
你可以想象一所没有围墙、没有教授、没有课室的大学吗？教育家本柯· 罗伊就创立了这样的大学。罗伊现年69岁，四十多年前， 他在印度拉贾斯坦邦蒂龙尼亚村成立了赤脚大学。 学校招收一类特殊人群——乡村妇女，而且通常是老奶奶——作为学生，并给她们授予基础太阳能工程和淡水净化技术的课程。他的努力带来了巨大的效益。这些妇女从学校回归家园后，有足够的技术为她们所在的社区（一些世界上最偏僻的乡村）提供电能和清洁的饮用水。她们自身也在无形中得到巨大的回报：新生的自信。


The Barefoot model has already been used to empower women throughout Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Last fall, former president Bill Clinton presented Roy with a Clinton Global Citizen Award, which honors leaders who are addressing the world’s challenges in visionary and effective ways (other 2013 recipients included Pakistani student and girls’ rights advocate Malala Yousafzai and then–New York City mayor Michael Bloomberg). The following is adapted from the acceptance speech that Roy delivered:
赤脚大学这种模式，一直以来赋予来自遍及亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲贫穷落后地区的妇女以新生的力量。去年秋天，美国前总统比尔·克林顿给罗伊颁发了克林顿全球公民奖。这一奖项表彰以长远的目光付诸行动并有效地解决世界棘手难题的领导者（2013年其他获奖者包括坚定维护女性受教育权利的巴基斯坦少女马拉拉·犹撒夫扎和纽约市长迈克尔·布隆伯格）。罗伊发表了获奖演说，以下是采自演说的部分内容：


If you go all over the world to very remote villages, you will often find only very old people and very young people. The men have already left. So there are two ideas we’ve put into practice in order to make the Barefoot model work. First we declared that men were untrainable. Men are restless, men are compulsively mobile, men are ambitious, and they all want a certificate to show for their efforts. And the moment you give one of them a certificate, he leaves the village looking for a job in the city. So that is why we came up with the simple, commonsensical solution of training grandmothers. Grandmothers are compassionate, tolerant, willing to learn, and patient. All the qualities that you need are there. And the second idea we’d practice was not to give out certificates. Because the moment you give a woman a certificate, like a man, she’ll see it as a passport for leaving rural areas and going to urban areas to find a job.
要是你走遍全世界偏远的小村庄，通常会发现村庄里只有老年人和小孩，青壮年都离开了。在这种现实状况下，为了让赤脚大学运作良好，我们把两点理念贯穿到我们的运营中。第一点，我们郑重声明男人不被列入培训对象范围内。男人们流动性很强，不能在一个地方安下心来，他们都雄心勃勃地希望得到一张证书来显示他们的能耐。当你给他们颁发证书后，他马上就会离开乡村到城市里找工作。为此，我们找到一个简单又符合常理的解决办法——培训老奶奶。富有同情心、内心宽容、乐于学习并且有耐心，老奶奶身上展现着这些我们所看重的优良品质。第二点，我们培训学员，但不颁发证书，因为一名妇女获得证书后，也会像男人一样，把这证书看作是离开乡村到城市找工作的通行证。


Barefoot College follows the lifestyle of Mahatma Gandhi: Students eat, sleep, and work on the floor. They can stay for 20 years, or they can go home tomorrow. As of today, we’ve trained 604 women solar engineers from 1,083 villages in 63 countries.
赤脚大学践行圣雄莫罕达斯·甘地的生活方式：学员们在地板上吃饭、睡觉和工作。她们可以选择留在学校20年，也可以选择明天就回家。到今天为止，我们已经培训了来自于63个国家1083个村庄的妇女，其中604名妇女成为了太阳能工程师。


The engineers have solar-electrified 45,000 houses. Please remember that our students are primarily women who have never left their villages before. They hate the idea of leaving their families and getting on a plane. When they reach India, sometimes after 19 hours of travel, they are faced with strange food, strange people, strange language. We do all the training in sign language. Yet in six months, they will know more about solar engineering than most university graduates.
这些工程师们已通过太阳能通电技术为45000所房子带来光明。请注意，我们的学员是基本上都没有离开家园的乡村妇女。想到要离开自己的家庭去搭飞机，她们都觉得会难以接受。经过长途跋涉（有时候甚至长达19小时）到达印度后，他们要去面对陌生的食物、陌生的人群和陌生的语言。我们通过手语来完成所有的课程培训。然而在六个月的时间内，他们学到的太阳能工程学的知识，比大部分大学毕业生都要多。


Some women face problems at home for attending Barefoot College. In most of these traditional societies, the husband says, “If you go for training, don’t come back to me. I will take another wife.” Then the wife goes, and when she returns, she helps provide her village with solar electricity. And her husband says, “Please come back to me.” But she says, “No, I’m fine.” Because the respect she now has is enormous.
一些妇女还要面对家里反对她们到赤脚大学来学习的问题。在大多数传统的社区，丈夫会对妻子说：“如果你要去接受培训，我就不要你，另娶一个妻子。”妻子还是来学习了，回去后，她利用太阳能技术为村里发电。丈夫又会说：“还是回到我身边来吧。”但妻子说：“不，我过得很好。”因为此时她在村里得到了莫大的尊重。


We taught a woman from Afghanistan. It was the first time a grandmother had left this village. Afterward, at a community gathering, she went to sit with the men, who said, “What do you think you’re doing? You should be sitting with the women.” And she said quietly, “Today I am not a woman; I am an engineer. I have every right to sit with you.”
我们曾培训过一位阿富汗妇女。那是她第一次离开自己的乡村。在回到家乡后，在一个社区聚会中，她和男人们坐到一块。男人们问：“你以为你在干什么？你应该坐到女人们那去。”她平静地说：“今天我不是一名妇女；我是一名工程师。我有权利与你们坐在一起。”


I have a dream. I would like to provide the world’s 47 least developed countries with Barefoot College–trained grandmothers, and together they could solar-electrify more than 100,000 houses. I would like to reach a million people, and I hope you will be a part of this dream.
我有一个梦想。 我希望为全世界最欠发达的47个国家提供赤脚大学教育——培训老奶奶们，让她们通过学到的知识技术为超过10万所房子带来太阳能发电。我希望赤脚大学能惠及100万人，并且希望你们会成为这个梦想中的一员，贡献你们的力量。


I’ll end with a quotation from Gandhi: “First they ignore you, then they laugh at you, then they fight you, and then you win.”
最后，我以圣雄甘地的名言结束我的演说：“起初他们无视你，再来嘲笑你，接着他们与你对抗，最后你赢了。“


演讲视频在线：（手机党请戳http://open.163.com/movie/2014/3/U/K/M9L5P1ET1_M9L5P9SUK.html）
http://swf.ws.126.net/openplayer/v02/-0-2_M9L5P1ET1_M9L5P9SUK-vimg1_ws_126_net//image/snapshot_movie/2014/2/D/N/M9L5P9QDN-1423031805654.swf?isTEDPlay=1



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